Alignments

Create programs that use variables to store and modify grade level appropriate data. [See: Defining Values.]

Compare multiple algorithms for the same task. [See: Making Flags.]

Decompose the steps needed to solve a problem into a precise sequence of instructions. [See: Making Flags.]

With grade appropriate complexity, modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one’s own work, to develop something new or add more advanced features. [See: Making Game Images; Functions for Character Animation; Player Animation.]

Use an iterative process to plan the development of a program while solving simple problems. [See: Functions Make Life Easier!; Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Observe intellectual property rights and give appropriate credit when creating or remixing programs. [See: Making Game Images.]

Analyze and debug a program that includes sequencing, repetition and variables in a programming language. [See: Making Flags.]

Communicate and explain your program development using comments, presentations and demonstrations. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Compare and refine multiple algorithms for the same task. [See: Making Flags.]

Create programs using a programming language that utilize sequencing, repetition, conditionals and variables using math operations manipulate values to solve a problem or express ideas both independently and collaboratively. [See: Making Flags.]

Decompose large problems into smaller, manageable subproblems to facilitate the program development process. [See: Problem Decomposition.]

With grade appropriate complexity, modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one’s own work, to develop something new or add more advanced features. [See: Making Game Images; Functions for Character Animation; Player Animation.]

Observe intellectual property rights and give appropriate credit when creating or remixing programs. [See: Making Game Images.]

Communicate and explain your program development using comments, presentations and demonstrations. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Create programs that use variables to store and modify grade level appropriate data. [See: Defining Values.]

Compare and refine multiple algorithms for the same task and determine which is the most efficient. [See: Function Composition; Making Flags.]

Decompose large problems into smaller, manageable subproblems and then into a precise sequence of instructions. [See: Problem Decomposition.]

With grade appropriate complexity, modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one’s own work, to develop something new or add more advanced features. [See: Making Game Images; Functions for Character Animation; Player Animation.]

Observe intellectual property rights and give appropriate credit when creating or remixing programs. [See: Making Game Images.]

Communicate and explain your program development using comments, presentations and demonstrations. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Create programs that use variables to store and modify grade level appropriate data. [See: Defining Values.]

Describe, classify and construct triangles, including equilateral, right, scalene, and isosceles triangles. Recognize triangles in various contexts. [See: Contracts.]

Plot integer- and rational-valued (limited to halves and fourths) ordered-pairs as coordinates in all four quadrants and recognize the reflective relationships among coordinates that differ only by their signs. [See: Coordinates and Game Design; Making Flags.]

Use and evaluate variables in expressions, equations, and inequalities that arise from various contexts, including determining when or if, for a given value of the variable, an equation or inequality involving a variable is true or false. [See: Simple Data Types.]

Represent real-world or mathematical situations using expressions, equations and inequalities involving variables and rational numbers. [See: Simple Inequalities; Compound Inequalities: Solutions & Non-Solutions.]

Use an existing algorithm in natural language or pseudocode to solve complex problems. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Develop programs that utilize combinations of repetition, conditionals, and the manipulation of variables representing different data types. [See: Sam the Butterfly - Applying Inequalities.]

Decompose problems into parts to facilitate the design, implementation, and review of programs. [See: Making Flags; Problem Decomposition; Sam the Butterfly - Applying Inequalities; Collision Detection - Distance and Inequality.]

Seek and incorporate feedback from team members to refine a solution to a problem. [See: Making Flags; Making Game Images; Functions for Character Animation; Player Animation; Collision Detection - Distance and Inequality.]

Incorporate existing code, media, and libraries into original programs and give attribution. [See: Making Game Images.]

Document text-based programs in order to make them easier to follow, test, and debug. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Develop and use the fact that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180° to determine missing angle measures in a triangle. [See: Contracts.]

Explain how computing impacts people’s everyday activities. [See: Computing Needs All Voices.]

Represent real-world or mathematical situations using equations and inequalities involving variables and rational numbers. [See: Defining Values; Simple Inequalities; Compound Inequalities: Solutions & Non-Solutions; Sam the Butterfly - Applying Inequalities.]

Apply understanding of order of operations and grouping symbols when using calculators and other technologies [See: Order of Operations.]

Select and modify an existing algorithm in natural language or pseudocode to solve complex problems. [See: Simple Data Types; Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe; Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism.]

Develop programs that utilize combinations of repetition, compound conditionals, and the manipulation of variables representing different data types. [See: Sam the Butterfly - Applying Inequalities.]

Decompose problems into parts to facilitate the design, implementation, and review of increasingly complex programs. [See: Problem Decomposition; Sam the Butterfly - Applying Inequalities; Collision Detection - Distance and Inequality.]

Seek and incorporate feedback from team members and users to refine a solution to a problem. [See: Making Game Images; Functions for Character Animation; Player Animation; Collision Detection - Distance and Inequality.]

Incorporate existing code, media, and libraries into original programs of increasing complexity and give attribution. [See: Making Game Images.]

Document text-based programs of increasing complexity in order to make them easier to follow, test, and debug. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Identify and fix increasingly complex software and hardware problems with computing devices and their components. [See: Problem Decomposition.]

Using a variety of tools and strategies, develop the concept that surface area of a rectangular prism with rational-valued edge lengths can be found by wrapping the figure with samesized square units without gaps or overlap. Use appropriate measurements such as cm^2 [See: Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism.]

Describe the properties of similarity, compare geometric figures for similarity, and determine scale factors resulting from dilations. [See: Making Flags; Making Game Images.]

Apply proportions, ratios, and scale factors to solve problems involving scale drawings and determine side lengths and areas of similar triangles and rectangles. [See: Making Flags; Making Game Images.]

Know that every rational number can be written as the ratio of two integers or as a terminating or repeating decimal. [See: Simple Data Types.]

Compare and order rational numbers expressed in various forms using the symbols <, >, and =. [See: Simple Data Types.]

Recognize and generate equivalent representations of rational numbers, including equivalent fractions. [See: Simple Data Types.]

Design algorithms in natural language, flow and control diagrams, comments within code, and/or pseudocode to solve complex problems. [See: Making Flags; Making Game Images; Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe; Functions for Character Animation.]

Develop programs that utilize combinations of nested repetition, compound conditionals, procedures without parameters, and the manipulation of variables representing different data types. [See: Simple Data Types.]

Decompose problems and subproblems into parts to facilitate the design, implementation, and review of complex programs. [See: Problem Decomposition; Sam the Butterfly - Applying Inequalities; Collision Detection - Distance and Inequality.]

Incorporate existing code, media, and libraries into original programs of increasing complexity and give attribution. [See: Functions Make Life Easier!.]

Explain how effective communication between participants is required for successful collaboration when developing computational artifacts. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Document text-based programs of increasing complexity in order to make them easier to follow, test, and debug. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Systematically identify, fix, and document increasingly complex software and hardware problems with computing devices and their components. [See: Problem Decomposition.]

Use knowledge of solving equations with rational values to represent and solve mathematical and real-world problems (e.g., angle measures, geometric formulas, science, or statistics) and interpret the solutions in the original context. [See: Functions Make Life Easier!.]

Represent and solve real-world and mathematical problems using linear inequalities, compound inequalities and systems of linear inequalities; interpret solutions in the original context. [See: Sam the Butterfly - Applying Inequalities.]

Represent relationships in various contexts with compound and absolute value inequalities and solve the resulting inequalities by graphing and interpreting the solutions on a number line. [See: Compound Inequalities: Solutions & Non-Solutions; Sam the Butterfly - Applying Inequalities.]

Generate equivalent algebraic expressions and use algebraic properties to evaluate expressions and arithmetic and geometric sequences. [See: Order of Operations.]

Solve equations involving several variables for one variable in terms of the others. [See: Problem Decomposition.]

Analyze mathematical change involving linear equations in real-world and mathematical problems. [See: Defining Linear Functions.]

Calculate and interpret slope and the x- and y-intercepts of a line using a graph, an equation, two points, or a set of data points to solve realworld and mathematical problems. [See: Defining Linear Functions.]

Describe the concepts of intersections, unions, and complements using Venn diagrams to evaluate probabilities. Understand the relationships between these concepts and the words AND, OR, and NOT. [See: Compound Inequalities: Solutions & Non-Solutions.]

Identify the dependent and independent variables as well as the domain and range given a function, equation, or graph. Identify restrictions on the domain and range in real-world contexts. [See: Contracts.]

Write linear functions, using function notation, to model real-world and mathematical situations. [See: Contracts; Function Composition; Functions Make Life Easier!.]

Given a graph modeling a real-world situation, read and interpret the linear piecewise function (excluding step functions). [See: Contracts.]

Distinguish between linear and nonlinear (including exponential) functions arising from real-world and mathematical situations that are represented in tables, graphs, and equations. Understand that linear functions grow by equal intervals and that exponential functions grow by equal factors over equal intervals. [See: Functions Can Be Linear; Defining Linear Functions.]

Represent functions in multiple ways and use the representation to interpret real-world and mathematical problems. [See: Function Composition; Defining Values; Defining Linear Functions.]

Identify and generate equivalent representations of linear equations, graphs, tables, and real-world situations. [See: Defining Values; Defining Linear Functions.]

Use function notation; evaluate a function, including nonlinear, at a given point in its domain algebraically and graphically. Interpret the results in terms of real-world and mathematical problems. [See: Function Composition.]

Add, subtract, and multiply functions using function notation. [See: Function Composition.]

Use coordinate geometry to represent and analyze line segments and polygons, including determining lengths, midpoints, and slopes of line segments. [See: The Distance Formula; Collision Detection - Distance and Inequality.]

Construct logical arguments to prove triangle congruence (SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS and HL) and triangle similarity (AA, SSS, SAS). [See: Contracts.]

Solve real-world and mathematical problems using the surface area and volume of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones, spheres, and composites of these figures. Use nets, measuring devices, or formulas as appropriate. [See: Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism.]

Apply the distance formula and the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse to solve real-world and mathematical problems, as approximate and exact values, using algebraic and logical reasoning (include Pythagorean Triples). [See: The Distance Formula; Collision Detection - Distance and Inequality.]

Create a prototype that uses algorithms (e.g., searching, sorting, finding shortest distance) to provide a possible solution for a real-world problem. [See: Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism; Sam the Butterfly - Applying Inequalities.]

Break down a solution into procedures using systematic analysis and design. [See: Problem Decomposition; Piecewise Functions and Conditionals.]

Create computational artifacts by systematically organizing, manipulating and/or processing data. [See: Piecewise Functions and Conditionals.]

Explain how abstractions hide the underlying implementation details of computing systems embedded in everyday objects. [See: Coordinates and Game Design.]

Create programming solutions by reusing existing code (e.g., libraries, Application Programming Interface (APIs), code repositories). [See: Sam the Butterfly - Applying Inequalities.]

Develop programs for multiple computing platforms. [See: Functions Make Life Easier!.]

Develop and use a series of test cases to verify that a program performs according to its design specifications. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Modify an existing program to add additional functionality and discuss intended and unintended implications (e.g., breaking other functionality). [See: Player Animation.]

Develop a deep and flexible conceptual understanding. [See: Making Flags.]

Develop accurate and appropriate procedural fluency. [See: Order of Operations.]

Develop strategies for problem solving. [See: Functions for Character Animation.]

Develop mathematical reasoning. [See: Making Flags.]

Develop a productive mathematical disposition. [See: Functions Make Life Easier!.]

Develop the ability to make conjectures, model, and generalize. [See: Functions Make Life Easier!.]

Develop the ability to communicate mathematically. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Recognize that a function is a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable in which the value of the independent variable determines the value of the dependent variable. [See: Contracts; Functions Make Life Easier!; Piecewise Functions and Conditionals; Player Animation.]

Use linear functions to represent and explain real-world and mathematical situations. [See: Functions Make Life Easier!; Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe; Functions for Character Animation.]

Identify a function as linear if it can be expressed in the form y = mx + b or if its graph is a straight line. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe.]

Recognize linear functions in real-world and mathematical situations; represent linear functions and other functions with tables, verbal descriptions, symbols, and graphs; solve problems involving linear functions and interpret results in the original context. [See: Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe; Functions for Character Animation.]

Represent linear functions with tables, verbal descriptions, symbols, and graphs; translate from one representation to another. [See: Functions Can Be Linear; Defining Linear Functions; Solving Word Problems with the Design Recipe; Functions for Character Animation.]

Identify, describe, and analyze linear relationships between two variables. [See: Functions Can Be Linear; Defining Linear Functions.]

Identify graphical properties of linear functions including slope and intercepts. Know that the slope equals the rate of change, and that the yintercept is zero when the function represents a proportional relationship. [See: Defining Linear Functions.]

Predict the effect on the graph of a linear function when the slope or y-intercept changes. Use appropriate tools to examine these effects. [See: Functions Can Be Linear; Defining Linear Functions.]

Generate equivalent numerical and algebraic expressions and use algebraic properties to evaluate expressions. [See: Order of Operations.]

Use substitution to simplify and evaluate algebraic expressions. [See: Function Composition; Defining Values.]

Represent real-world and mathematical problems using equations and inequalities involving linear expressions. Solve and graph equations and inequalities symbolically and graphically. Interpret solutions in the original context. [See: Making Flags.]

Represent real-world situations using equations and inequalities involving one variable. [See: Simple Inequalities; Compound Inequalities: Solutions & Non-Solutions; Sam the Butterfly - Applying Inequalities.]

Solve problems involving right triangles using the Pythagorean Theorem. [See: The Distance Formula.]

Informally justify the Pythagorean Theorem using measurements, diagrams, or dynamic software and use the Pythagorean Theorem to solve problems in two and three dimensions involving right triangles. [See: The Distance Formula.]

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between any two points in a coordinate plane. [See: The Distance Formula; Collision Detection - Distance and Inequality.]

Calculate surface area and volume of three-dimensional figures. [See: Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism.]

Calculate the surface area of a rectangular prism using decomposition or nets. Use appropriate units of measure, such as square centimeters. [See: Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism.]

Calculate the surface area of a cylinder, in terms of pi and using approximations for pi, using decomposition or nets. Use appropriate units of measure, such as square centimeters. [See: Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism.]