Standards

Contribute email twitter instagram facebook

Common Core ELA Standards

SL.9-10.1: Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9-10 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. [See: Introduction to Computational Data Science.]

Common Core Math Standards

6.EE.B.6: Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand that a variable can represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any number in a specified set. [See: Defining Functions; Defining Table Functions; Grouped Samples; Linear Regression.]
6.SP.A: Develop understanding of statistical variability. [See: Visualizing the “Shape” of Data; Measures of Center; Spread of a Data Set; Scatter Plots; Linear Regression.]
6.SP.A.1: Recognize a statistical question as one that anticipates variability in the data related to the question and accounts for it in the answers. [See: Introduction to Computational Data Science; Choosing Your Dataset.]
6.SP.A.2: Understand that a set of data collected to answer a statistical question has a distribution which can be described by its center, spread, and overall shape. [See: Visualizing the “Shape” of Data; Measures of Center; Spread of a Data Set.]
6.SP.B.4: Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots, histograms, and box plots. [See: Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data; Spread of a Data Set.]
6.SP.B.5: Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context. [See: Measures of Center; Spread of a Data Set.]
6.SP.B.5.C: Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context by giving quantitative measures of center (median and/or mean) and variability (interquartile range and/or mean absolute deviation), as well as describing any overall pattern and any striking deviations from the overall pattern with reference to the context in which the data were gathered. [See: Measures of Center; Spread of a Data Set.]
6.SP.B.5.D: Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context by relating the choice of measures of center and variability to the shape of the data distribution and the context in which the data were gathered. [See: Measures of Center.]
7.EE.B.4: Use variables to represent quantities in a real-world or mathematical problem, and construct simple equations and inequalities to solve problems by reasoning about the quantities. [See: Defining Functions.]
8.F.A.1: Understand that a function is a rule that assigns to each input exactly one output. The graph of a function is the set of ordered pairs consisting of an input and the corresponding output. [See: Contracts.]
8.F.B: Use functions to model relationships between quantities. [See: Defining Functions.]
8.SP.A.1: Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association. [See: Defining Functions; Grouped Samples; Scatter Plots; Correlations; Linear Regression.]
8.SP.A.2: Know that straight lines are widely used to model relationships between two quantitative variables. For scatter plots that suggest a linear association, informally fit a straight line, and informally assess the model fit by judging the closeness of the data points to the line. [See: Scatter Plots; Correlations; Linear Regression.]
8.SP.A.3: Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slope and intercept. [See: Linear Regression.]
HSA.SSE.A.1: Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context. [See: Defining Functions.]
HSF.BF.A.1: Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities. [See: Defining Functions.]
HSF.IF.A: Understand the concept of a function and use function notation. [See: Defining Functions.]
HSF.IF.A.1: Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x). [See: Contracts.]
HSF.IF.A.2: Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context. [See: Contracts; Defining Functions.]
HSF.IF.B: Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context. [See: Defining Functions.]
HSF.IF.C: Analyze functions using different representations. [See: Defining Functions.]
HSS.IC.B.3: Recognize the purposes of and differences among sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies; explain how randomization relates to each. [See: Randomness and Sample Size.]
HSS.IC.B.6: Evaluate reports based on data. [See: Threats to Validity.]
HSS.ID.A.1: Represent data with plots on the real number line (dot plots, histograms, and box plots). [See: Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data; Spread of a Data Set.]
HSS.ID.A.2: Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets. [See: Histograms; Measures of Center; Spread of a Data Set.]
HSS.ID.A.3: Interpret differences in shape, center, and spread in the context of the data sets, accounting for possible effects of extreme data points (outliers). [See: Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data.]
HSS.ID.B.6: Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the variables are related. [See: Scatter Plots; Correlations.]
HSS.ID.B.6.A: Fit a function to the data; use functions fitted to data to solve problems in the context of the data. Use given functions or choose a function suggested by the context. Emphasize linear, quadratic, and exponential models. [See: Linear Regression.]
HSS.ID.B.6.C: Fit a linear function for a scatter plot that suggests a linear association. [See: Linear Regression.]
HSS.ID.C.7: Interpret the slope (rate of change) and the intercept (constant term) of a linear model in the context of the data. [See: Linear Regression.]
HSS.ID.C.8: Compute (using technology) and interpret the correlation coefficient of a linear fit. [See: Scatter Plots; Correlations; Linear Regression.]
HSS.ID.C.9: Distinguish between correlation and causation. [See: Correlations; Linear Regression.]

CSTA Standards

1B-AP-10: Create programs that include sequences, events, loops, and conditionals. [See: Method Chaining; If-Expressions.]
1B-AP-11: Decompose (break down) problems into smaller, manageable subproblems to facilitate the program development process. [See: Choosing Your Dataset.]
1B-AP-15: Test and debug (identify and fix errors) a program or algorithm to ensure it runs as intended. [See: Defining Functions; Checking Your Work.]
1B-DA-06: Organize and present collected data visually to highlight relationships and support a claim. [See: Visualizing the “Shape” of Data; Spread of a Data Set; Scatter Plots; Correlations; Linear Regression.]
1B-DA-07: Use data to highlight or propose cause-and-effect relationships, predict outcomes, or communicate an idea. [See: Scatter Plots; Linear Regression.]
2-AP-11: Create clearly named variables that represent different data types and perform operations on their values. [See: Defining Functions; Grouped Samples.]
2-AP-13: Decompose problems and subproblems into parts to facilitate the design, implementation, and review of programs [See: Defining Table Functions; Method Chaining.]
2-AP-14: Create procedures with parameters to organize code and make it easier to reuse. [See: Defining Functions; Defining Table Functions.]
2-AP-17: Systematically test and refine programs using a range of test cases [See: Defining Functions; Defining Table Functions; Method Chaining; Checking Your Work.]
2-AP-19: Document programs in order to make them easier to follow, test, and debug. [See: Defining Functions; If-Expressions.]
2-DA-08: Collect data using computational tools and transform the data to make it more useful and reliable. [See: Displaying Categorical Data; Table Methods; If-Expressions; Randomness and Sample Size; Grouped Samples.]
2-DA-09: Refine computational models based on the data they have generated. [See: Randomness and Sample Size; Grouped Samples; Scatter Plots; Correlations.]
2-IC-21: Discuss issues of bias and accessibility in the design of existing technologies [See: Threats to Validity.]
2-IC-23: Describe tradeoffs between allowing information to be public and keeping information private and secure. [See: Ethics and Privacy.]
3A-AP-16: Design and iteratively develop computational artifacts for practical intent, personal expression, or to address a societal issue by using events to initiate instructions. [See: Choosing Your Dataset; Ethics and Privacy.]
3A-AP-17: Decompose problems into smaller components through systematic analysis, using constructs such as procedures, modules, and/or objects. [See: Defining Table Functions; Method Chaining; Choosing Your Dataset.]
3A-AP-18: Create artifacts by using procedures within a program, combinations of data and procedures, or independent but interrelated programs. [See: Defining Table Functions; Method Chaining.]
3A-AP-23: Document design decisions using text, graphics, presentations, and/or demonstrations in the development of complex programs. [See: Choosing Your Dataset.]
3A-DA-11: Create interactive data visualizations using software tools to help others better understand real-world phenomena. [See: Displaying Categorical Data; Data Displays and Lookups; Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data; Spread of a Data Set; Scatter Plots; Linear Regression.]
3A-DA-12: Create computational models that represent the relationships among different elements of data collected from a phenomenon or process. [See: Scatter Plots; Linear Regression.]
3A-IC-24: Evaluate the ways computing impacts personal, ethical, social, economic, and cultural practices [See: Ethics and Privacy.]
3A-IC-29: Explain the privacy concerns related to the collection and generation of data through automated processes that may not be evident to users. [See: Ethics and Privacy.]
3A-IC-30: Evaluate the social and economic implications of privacy in the context of safety, law, or ethics. [See: Ethics and Privacy.]
3B-AP-14: Construct solutions to problems using student-created components, such as procedures, modules and/or objects. [See: Defining Functions; Choosing Your Dataset; Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data.]
3B-AP-21: Develop and use a series of test cases to verify that a program performs according to its design specifications. [See: Defining Functions; Checking Your Work.]
3B-NI-05: Use data analysis tools and techniques to identify patterns in data representing complex systems [See: If-Expressions; Scatter Plots; Correlations; Linear Regression.]
3B-NI-07: Evaluate the ability of models and simulations to test and support the refinement of hypotheses. [See: Correlations; Threats to Validity.]

Iowa Standards

IA.HSF.IF.A.1: Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x). [See: Contracts.]

K-12CS Standards

6-8.Algorithms and Programming.Control: Programmers select and combine control structures, such as loops, event handlers, and conditionals, to create more complex program behavior. [See: Method Chaining.]
6-8.Algorithms and Programming.Modularity: Programs use procedures to organize code, hide implementation details, and make code easier to reuse. Procedures can be repurposed in new programs. Defining parameters for procedures can generalize behavior and increase reusability. [See: Defining Functions; Defining Table Functions.]
6-8.Algorithms and Programming.Variables: Programmers create variables to store data values of selected types. A meaningful identifier is assigned to each variable to access and perform operations on the value by name. Variables enable the flexibility to represent different situations, process different sets of data, and produce varying outputs. [See: Defining Functions.]
6-8.Computing Systems.Troubleshooting: Comprehensive troubleshooting requires knowledge of how computing devices and components work and interact. A systematic process will identify the source of a problem, whether within a device or in a larger system of connected devices. [See: Checking Your Work.]
6-8.Data and Analysis.Collection: People design algorithms and tools to automate the collection of data by computers. When data collection is automated, data is sampled and converted into a form that a computer can process. For example, data from an analog sensor must be converted into a digital form. The method used to automate data collection is influenced by the availability of tools and the intended use of the data. [See: Threats to Validity.]
6-8.Data and Analysis.Inference and Models: People transform, generalize, simplify, and present large data sets in different ways to influence how other people interpret and understand the underlying information. Examples include visualization, aggregation, rearrangement, and application of mathematical operations. [See: Data Displays and Lookups; If-Expressions; Measures of Center; Spread of a Data Set.]
6-8.Data and Analysis.Visualization and Transformation: Computer models can be used to simulate events, examine theories and inferences, or make predictions with either few or millions of data points. Computer models are abstractions that represent phenomena and use data and algorithms to emphasize key features and relationships within a system. As more data is automatically collected, models can be refined. [See: Scatter Plots; Correlations.]
9-12.Algorithms and Programming.Control: Programmers consider tradeoffs related to implementation, readability, and program performance when selecting and combining control structures. [See: Method Chaining; If-Expressions.]
9-12.Algorithms and Programming.Modularity: Complex programs are designed as systems of interacting modules, each with a specific role, coordinating for a common overall purpose. These modules can be procedures within a program; combinations of data and procedures; or independent, but interrelated, programs. Modules allow for better management of complex tasks. [See: Defining Functions; Defining Table Functions; Method Chaining.]
9-12.Computing Systems.Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting complex problems involves the use of multiple sources when researching, evaluating, and implementing potential solutions. Troubleshooting also relies on experience, such as when people recognize that a problem is similar to one they have seen before or adapt solutions that have worked in the past. [See: Checking Your Work.]
9-12.Data and Analysis.Collection: Data is constantly collected or generated through automated processes that are not always evident, raising privacy concerns. The different collection methods and tools that are used influence the amount and quality of the data that is observed and recorded. [See: Ethics and Privacy.]
9-12.Data and Analysis.Inference and Models: The accuracy of predictions or inferences depends upon the limitations of the computer model and the data the model is built upon. The amount, quality, and diversity of data and the features chosen can affect the quality of a model and ability to understand a system. Predictions or inferences are tested to validate models. [See: Linear Regression; Threats to Validity.]
9-12.Data and Analysis.Visualization and Transformation: Data can be transformed to remove errors, highlight or expose relationships, and/or make it easier for computers to process. [See: Data Displays and Lookups; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data; Spread of a Data Set; Scatter Plots.]
9-12.Impacts of Computing.Culture: The design and use of computing technologies and artifacts can improve, worsen, or maintain inequitable access to information and opportunities. [See: Ethics and Privacy.]
9-12.Impacts of Computing.Safety, Law, and Ethics: Laws govern many aspects of computing, such as privacy, data, property, information, and identity. These laws can have beneficial and harmful effects, such as expediting or delaying advancements in computing and protecting or infringing upon people’s rights. International differences in laws and ethics have implications for computing. [See: Ethics and Privacy.]
P1: Fostering an Inclusive Computing Culture [See: Ethics and Privacy; Threats to Validity.]
P3: Recognizing and Defining Computational Problems [See: Method Chaining; If-Expressions; Grouped Samples.]
P4: Developing and Using Abstractions [See: Defining Functions; Defining Table Functions.]
P5: Creating Computational Artifacts [See: Displaying Categorical Data; Histograms; Spread of a Data Set; Scatter Plots; Correlations.]
P6: Testing and Refining Computational Artifacts [See: Checking Your Work.]
P7: Communicating About Computing [See: Introduction to Computational Data Science; Choosing Your Dataset.]

Oklahoma Standards

OK.5.DA.IM.01: Use data to highlight or propose cause and effect relationships, predict outcomes, or communicate an idea. [See: Introduction to Computational Data Science.]
OK.5.GM.1.1: Describe, classify and construct triangles, including equilateral, right, scalene, and isosceles triangles. Recognize triangles in various contexts. [See: Contracts.]
OK.6.D.1.3: Create and analyze box and whisker plots observing how each segment contains one quarter of the data. [See: Displaying Categorical Data; Data Displays and Lookups; Grouped Samples; Choosing Your Dataset; Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data.]
OK.6.GM.2.2: Develop and use the fact that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180° to determine missing angle measures in a triangle. [See: Contracts.]
OK.7.D.1.2: Use reasoning with proportions to display and interpret data in circle graphs (pie charts) and histograms. Choose the appropriate data display and know how to create the display using a spreadsheet or other graphing technology. [See: Displaying Categorical Data; Data Displays and Lookups; Grouped Samples; Choosing Your Dataset; Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data.]
OK.8.AP.PD.02: Incorporate existing code, media, and libraries into original programs of increasing complexity and give attribution. [See: Defining Functions.]
OK.8.DA.CVT.01: Develop, implement, and refine a process that utilizes computational tools to collect and transform data to make it more useful and reliable. [See: Introduction to Computational Data Science.]
OK.8.DA.S.01: Analyze multiple methods of representing data and choose the most appropriate method for representing data. [See: Displaying Categorical Data; Data Displays and Lookups; Grouped Samples; Choosing Your Dataset; Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data.]
OK.A1.A.1.1: Use knowledge of solving equations with rational values to represent and solve mathematical and real-world problems (e.g., angle measures, geometric formulas, science, or statistics) and interpret the solutions in the original context. [See: Defining Functions.]
OK.A1.D.1.1: Describe a data set using data displays, describe and compare data sets using summary statistics, including measures of central tendency, location, and spread. Know how to use calculators, spreadsheets, or other appropriate technology to display data and calculate summary statistics. [See: Grouped Samples; Choosing Your Dataset; Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data.]
OK.A1.D.2.1: Select and apply counting procedures, such as the multiplication and addition principles and tree diagrams, to determine the size of a sample space (the number of possible outcomes) and to calculate probabilities. [See: Table Methods; Defining Table Functions; Method Chaining.]
OK.A1.F.1.2: Identify the dependent and independent variables as well as the domain and range given a function, equation, or graph. Identify restrictions on the domain and range in real-world contexts. [See: Contracts.]
OK.A1.F.1.3: Write linear functions, using function notation, to model real-world and mathematical situations. [See: Contracts; Defining Functions.]
OK.A1.F.1.4: Given a graph modeling a real-world situation, read and interpret the linear piecewise function (excluding step functions). [See: Contracts.]
OK.G.2D.1.8: Construct logical arguments to prove triangle congruence (SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS and HL) and triangle similarity (AA, SSS, SAS). [See: Contracts.]
OK.L1.AP.M.01: Break down a solution into procedures using systematic analysis and design. [See: Defining Table Functions; Method Chaining; If-Expressions.]
OK.L1.AP.M.02: Create computational artifacts by systematically organizing, manipulating and/or processing data. [See: Table Methods; Defining Table Functions; Method Chaining; If-Expressions.]
OK.L1.AP.PD.05: Evaluate and refine computational artifacts to make them more user-friendly, efficient and/or accessible. [See: Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data.]
OK.L1.DA.CVT.01: Use tools and techniques to locate, collect, and create visualizations of small- and largescale data sets (e.g., paper surveys and online data sets). [See: Choosing Your Dataset.]
OK.L1.DA.IM.01: Show the relationships between collected data elements using computational models. [See: Scatter Plots; Correlations; Linear Regression.]
OK.L1.IC.C.01: Evaluate the ways computing impacts personal, ethical, social, economic, and cultural practices. [See: Ethics and Privacy.]
OK.L1.IC.C.02: Test and refine computational artifacts to reduce bias and equity deficits. [See: Randomness and Sample Size; Grouped Samples; Choosing Your Dataset; Checking Your Work; Threats to Validity.]
OK.PA.A.1.1: Recognize that a function is a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable in which the value of the independent variable determines the value of the dependent variable. [See: Contracts; Defining Functions.]
OK.PA.A.1.2: Use linear functions to represent and explain real-world and mathematical situations. [See: Defining Functions.]
OK.PA.A.2.2: Identify, describe, and analyze linear relationships between two variables. [See: Randomness and Sample Size; Grouped Samples; Choosing Your Dataset; Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data.]
OK.PA.D.1.1: Describe the impact that inserting or deleting a data point has on the mean and the median of a data set. Know how to create data displays using a spreadsheet and use a calculator to examine this impact. [See: Grouped Samples; Choosing Your Dataset; Histograms; Visualizing the “Shape” of Data.]
OK.PA.D.1.2: Explain how outliers affect measures of central tendency. [See: Measures of Center.]
OK.PA.D.1.3: Collect, display and interpret data using scatterplots. Use the shape of the scatterplot to informally estimate a line of best fit, make statements about average rate of change, and make predictions about values not in the original data set. Use appropriate titles, labels and units. [See: Scatter Plots; Correlations; Linear Regression.]
OK.PA.D.2.2: Determine how samples are chosen (random, limited, biased) to draw and support conclusions about generalizing a sample to a population. [See: Randomness and Sample Size.]